
'Pharmaceutical Factory No. 2' by an unnamed Laotian artist.

Richard W. Hughes bibliography

Caveat lector: Links below point to articles found here at ruby-sapphire.com in their unexpurgated form. Compare with print versions to see what all the fuss was about.

Tomes

Hughes, R.W. (1997) Ruby & Sapphire. Boulder, CO, RWH Publishing, 512 pp.
Webster, R. & Read, P.G. (1994) Gems: Their Sources, Descriptions and Identification. Fifth edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1026 pp. [Chapters 3 & 5 revised by R.W. Hughes].
Hughes, R.W. (1991) Ruby & Sapphire. Butterworths Gem Books, Bangkok, White Lotus, 339 pp. [same as Corundum, but with an appendix of updates].
Hughes, R.W. (1990) Corundum. Butterworths Gem Books, Northants, UK, Butterworth-Heinemann, 314 pp.

Pieces

Emmett, J.L. and Hughes, R.W. (2010) Betwixt two worlds: A search for gemology in the 21st century. The Guide, January–February 2010, Vol. 29, Issue 1, pp. 1, 4–7.
Wilson, Wendell E., Saul, John M., Pardieu, Vincent and Hughes, Richard W. (2009) Famous Mineral Localities: The Merelani tanzanite mines. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 40, No. 5, Sept.–Oct., pp. 346–408.
Pardieu, V. & Hughes, R.W. (2008) Tsavorite: The untamed beauty. InColor, Fall, pp. 36–45.
Pardieu, V., Hughes, R.W. and Boehm, E. (2008) Spinel: Ressurection of a classic. InColor, Summer, pp. 10–18.
Hughes, R.W. (2008) Chevron: 1; Burmese: 0.
<http://www.ruby-sapphire.com/burma-embargo2.htm> Posted 2 August, 2008.
Pardieu, V. and Hughes, R.W. (2008) Working the blueseam: The tanzanite mines of Merelani. <http://www.ruby-sapphire.com/tanzania-tanzanite-mines.htm> Posted July 2008.
Hughes, R.W., Pardieu, V., Soubiraa, G. and Schorr, D. (2006) Moon over the Pamirs: Chasing ruby and spinel in Tajikistan. The Guide, Nov.–Dec., Vol. 25, Issue 6, pp. 8–13.
<http://www.ruby-sapphire.com/tajikistan_ruby_and_spinel.htm>
Hughes, R.W. and Koivula, J.I. (2006) Under the same moon: Hunting the mother lode abroad.
<http://www.agta-gtc.org/2006-10-06_gemological_travel.htm#moon>
Hughes, R.W. and Koivula, J.I. (2006) A closer look at Malysheva emeralds.
<http://www.agta-gtc.org/2006-09-12_malysheva_emerald.htm#russian>
Hughes, R.W. and Koivula, J.I. (2006) AGTA GTC adds LIBS to its testing arsenal.
<http://www.agta-gtc.org/2006-06-23_libs.htm#libs>
Hughes, R.W., Du Toit, G., Befi, R. and Koivula, J.I. (2006) Beryllium-treated blue sapphires.
<http://www.agta-gtc.org/2006-03-29_be_sapphire.htm#beryllium>
Hughes, R.W. and Koivula, J.I. (2006) Seeing red: Genetics and color vision.
<http://www.agta-gtc.org/2006-01-17_seeing_red.htm#seeing_red>
Hughes, R.W., Pardieu, V. and Schorr, D. (2006) Sorcerers and Sapphires: A visit to Madagascar. The Guide, Jan.–Feb., Vol. 25, Issue 1, Part 1, pp. 1, 4–6. <http://www.ruby-sapphire.com/madagascar_ruby_sapphire.htm>
Hughes, R.W. and Koivula, J.I. (2006) Passport to obscurity.
<http://www.agta-gtc.org/2005-11-22_passport.htm#passport>
Hughes, R.W., Pardieu, V. and Schorr, D. (2005) A visit to Madagascar.
<http://www.agta-gtc.org/2005-11-15_madagascar.htm>
Hughes, R.W. (2006) Proletarian gemology: The blue filter.
<http://www.agta-gtc.org/2005-10-25_blue_filter.htm>
Hughes, R.W. and Emmett, J.L. (2005) Heat seeker: UV fluorescence as a gemological tool. The Guide, Sept.–Oct., Vol. 24, Issue 5, Part 1, pp. 1, 4–7.
Hughes, R.W. and Koivula, J.I. (2005) Dangerous curves: A reexamination of Verneuil synthetic corundum.
<http://www.agta-gtc.org/2005-10-04_verneuil.htm#dangerouscurves>
Koivula, J.I. and Hughes, R.W. (2005) Living in the Dark Ages: The fiber-optic light.
<http://www.agta-gtc.org/2005-07-19_fiber_optic.htm#fiberoptic>
Koivula, J.I. and Hughes, R.W. (2005) Following the Silk Road: Rutile silk in corundum.
<http://www.agta-gtc.org/2005-05-31_silk.htm#silk>
Hughes, R.W. (2005) Inside out: The symmetry of crystals and inclusions.
<http://www.agta-gtc.org/2005-05-17_fingerprint.htm#fingerprint>
Hughes, R.W. (2004) Fluxed up: The fracture healing of ruby. IDEX, Vol. 19, No. 173, September, pp. 110–120.
Hughes, R.W. and Emmett, J.L. (2004) Fluxed up: The fracture healing of ruby. The Guide, Vol. 23, Issue 5, Part 1, Sept.–Oct., pp. 1, 4–9.
Hughes, R.W. (2004) LIBS – A new beryllium testing method. Palagems.com. Posted April 29, 2004.
Ellias, C. and Hughes, R.W. (2004) The Kimberley Process: Appeasement comes to the diamond trade. The Guide, Vol. 23, Issue 1, Part 1, Jan.–Feb., pp. 1, 4–7, 15).
Hughes, R.W. and Leber, B. (2003) Banned! Burmese gems in the crossfire.
Hughes, R.W. (2003) The history and politics of heat. The Guide, Vol. 22, Issue 5, Part 1, Sept.–Oct., pp. 1, 4–9, 15.
Emmett, J.L., Scarratt, K., McClure, S.F., Moses, T., Douthit, T.R., Hughes, R., Novak, S., Shigley, J.E., Wuyi Wang, Bordelon, O., Kane, R.E. (2003) Beryllium diffusion of ruby and sapphire. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 39, No. 2, Summer, pp. 84–135. [voted ‘Article of the year’ by the magazine’s readers]
Hughes, R.W. (2002) Walking the line in ruby & sapphire. The Guide, July/August, Vol. 21, Issue 4, Part 1, pp. 4–8.
Hughes, R.W. (2002) The Skin Game. The Guide,Vol. 21, No. 2, March–April, pp. 3–7.
Hughes, R.W. (2002) Love and Hate: Max's Millions and the Lao sapphire mine saga. The Guide, Vol. 21, No. 1, Part 1, Jan.–Feb., pp. 4–9, 16.
Hughes, R.W. (2001) Seeing Red: A guide to ruby connoisseurship. The Guide, Vol. 20, No. 6, Issue 5, Part 1, Nov.–Dec., pp. 4–7, 16.
Hughes, R.W. (2001) Digital Devil: Blues with a feeling. The GK Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 6, September–October., pp. 44, 70.
Hughes, R.W. (2001) Out of the black: Burmese gems & politics. The Guide, Vol. 20, No. 4, Issue 5, Part 1, Sept.–Oct., pp. 8–14.
Hughes, R.W. (2001) Burma: Heaven and hell in the hunt for jade. GK Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 5, May–June, pp. 25–29.
Hughes, R.W. (2001) The bigger they are. GK Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 4, Mar.–April., pp. 48, 72.
Hughes, R.W. (2001) Passion Fruit: A lover's guide to blue sapphire. The Guide, Vol. 20, No. 2, Part 1, March–April., p. 3–5, 15.
Hughes, R.W. (2001) The Digital Devil: Getting out of the kitchen GemKey Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 2, Jan.–Feb., p. 51, 73.
Hughes, R.W., Galibert, O., Bosshart, G., Ward, F., Thet Oo, Smith, M., Tay Thye Sun, Harlow, G.E. (2000) Burmese jade: The inscrutable gem. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 36, No. 1, Spring, pp. 2–26.
Hughes, R.W. (2000) The Digital Devil: The un-beautiful game GemKey Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 6, Sept.–Oct., p. 45, 86.
Hughes, R.W. (2000) The Digital Devil: Who's fooling who? GemKey Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 5, July–August, p. 50.
Hughes, R.W. (2000) Fun down under. The Professional Gemologist, Vol. 3, No. 1, Spring/Summer, pp. 1–2.
Hughes, R.W. (2000) The Digital Devil: If it's doubly refractive like a duck… GemKey Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 4, May–June, p. 64, 107.
Hughes, R.W. (2000) The Digital Devil: Check Your Gut Instincts at the Door. GemKey Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 3, March–April, pp. 62–63, 104.
Hughes, R.W. and Sickafus, K.E. (1999) Spinel compounds: Structure and property relations. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 82, No. 12, December, pp. 3277–3278.
Hughes, R.W. & Vock, R. (2000) Blue velvet: Kashmir sapphires. The Professional Gemologist, Vol. 3, No. 1, Spring/Summer, pp. 2–3.
Hughes, R.W. and Slavens, C. (1999) Tales from the Crypt – GQI lab news: Jadeite – Repaired, assembled, treated. GQ Eye, Vol. 2, No. 1, Winter, pp. 10–11.
Hughes, R.W. (1999) The Devil Down Under. Cornerstone, Fall, pp. 1, 3.
Hughes, R.W. (1999) The Digital Devil: Opals and Oranges. GemKey Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 1, November–December.
Hughes, R.W. (1999) The Digital Devil: From the Laser Drill into the Fire. GemKey Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 6, September–October, pp. 70, 112.
Hughes, R.W. (1999) The Digital Devil: Whatever happened to romance? Gemkey Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 5, July–August, p.Ê66.
Hughes, R.W. (1999) The Digital Devil: Crying Uncle. GemKey Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4, May–June, p. 66.
Hughes, R.W. (1999) The Digital Devil: Tricky Dick's Guide to Web Designer Netiquette. GemKey Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 3, March-April, pp. 64, 96.
Hughes, R.W. (1999) Tales from the Crypt – GQI lab news: Irradiated corundum; sapphire with CO₂ inclusion. GQ Eye, Vol. 2, No. 2, Spring, p. 8.
Hughes, R.W. (1999) Internet Hell. GemKey Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 2, Jan–Feb., pp. 56, 88.
Hughes, R.W. (1999) The crying game: Diamond color grading. GQ Eye, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 3–5.
Hughes, R.W. (1999) Burma's jade mines: An annotated Occidental history. Journal of the Geo-Literary Society, Vol. 14, No. 1, January, pp. 15–35.
Hughes, R.W. and Ward, F. (1998) Heaven and hell. Gemkey, Vol. 1, No. 1, Nov-Dec, pp. 38–45.
Hughes, R.W. (1998) Scary stuff: Enhancement disclosure. GQ Eye, Vol. 1, No. 1, Fall, pp. 1–2.
Hughes, R.W. (1998) Dogfights: Dealers versus gemologists. GemKey, Vol. 1, No. 1, Nov-Dec, pp. 52, 69.
Hughes, R.W., Galibert, O. et al. (1998) Abenteuerliche Reise ins Reich der Jademinen. Uhren Jewelen Schmuck, Feb, pp. 84–94.
Hughes, R.W. (1998) The crying game: Diamond color grading. Wahroongai News, Vol. 32, No. 9, Sept, pp. 34–36.
Hughes, R.W. (1998) Cloak and dagger: The politics of Opticon. GQ Eye, Vol. 1, No. 1, Fall, pp. 3, 6.
Hughes, R.W. and Galibert, O. (1998) Foreign affairs: Fracture healing/filling of Möng Hsu ruby. Australian Gemmologist, Vol. 20, No. 2, April-June, pp. 70–74.
Hughes, R.W. and Zajicek, R. (1997) Catfights – Enhancement Codes and Trade Wars. ICA Gazette, June, pp. 7–9.
Hughes, R.W. and Galibert, O. (1997) The green line to Hpakan. Bangkok Post, Bangkok, April 6, 1997, Outlook: pp 4–5.
Hughes, R.W. (1997) Where twains do meet. Momentum, Vol. 5, No. 16, pp. 16–19.
Hughes, R.W. and Ward, F. (1997) Heaven and hell: The quest for jade in Upper Burma. Asia Diamonds, Vol. 1, No. 2, Sept-Oct, pp. 42–53.
Hughes, R.W. (1997) Tracing the green line. Discovery, Vol. 25, No. 2, Feb, pp. 69–73.
Hughes, R.W. (1997) Devil's Advocate: Thailand after the fall. Cornerstone, Winter, 1997, pp. 1, 3–6.
Hughes, R.W. (1997) Devil's Advocate: Life during wartime. Asia Diamonds, Vol. 1, No. 2, Sept-Oct, pp. 68–72.
Hughes, R.W., Galibert, O. et al. (1997) Tracing the green line: A journey to Burma's jade mine. Jewelry Circle's Magazine [in Chinese], No. 42, April, pp. 136–139; No. 43, July, pp. 136–139; No. 44, Oct, pp. 136–139.
Hughes, R.W., Galibert, O. et al. (1997) In search of heaven's stone. Momentum, Vol. 5, No. 15, June-Aug, pp. 18–23.
Hughes, R.W., Galibert, O. et al. (1996–97) Tracing the green line: A journey to Myanmar's jade mines. Jewelers' Circular-Keystone, Vol. 167, No. 11, Nov, pp. 60–65; Vol. 168, No. 1, Jan, pp. 160–166.
Hughes, R.W. (1997) Death of the Thai ruby. Cornerstone, Summer, pp. 1, 3–6.
Hughes, R.W. (1996) Ruby and sapphire from Laos. JewelSiam, Vol. 1, No. 1, Feb-March, pp. 36–37.
Hughes, R.W. and Galibert, O. (1996) Renaissance in Rubyland. Colored Stone, Vol. 9, No. 6, Nov-Dec, pp. 29–33.
Hughes, R.W. and Galibert, O. (1996) Les sapphires de Montana [part 1]. Revue de Gemmologie, No. 128, pp. 4–6.
Hughes, R.W. (1996) Pigeon's blood. Momentum, Vol. 4, No. 13, Dec 1996–Feb 1997, pp. 18–21.
Hughes, R.W. (1996) Letter to the editor [re: large Madagascar sapphire]. JewelSiam, Vol. 7, No. 4, Aug-Sept, p. 28.
Hughes, R.W. (1996) Devil's Advocate: Death of the Thai ruby. JewelSiam, Vol. 7, No. 4, Aug-Sept, pp. 100–105.
Hughes, R.W. (1995–96) Devil's Advocate: Dispatch from hyperbole. JewelSiam, Vol. 6, No. 6, Dec-Jan, pp. 82–85.
Hughes, R.W. (1995) Montana's Big Sky Sapphires. JewelSiam, Vol. 6, No. 4–5, Aug-Sept, pp. 83–88; Oct-Nov, pp. 51–54.
Hughes, R.W. and Win, U Hla. (1995) Burmese sapphire giants. Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 24, No. 8, Oct, pp. 551–561.
Hughes, R.W. (1995) Letter to the Editor [on Verneuil process]. Canadian Gemmologist, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 59–60.
Hughes, R.W. (1995) Devil's Advocate: On and on and on. JewelSiam, Vol. 6, No. 2, April/May, pp. 81–83.
Hughes, R.W. (1995) Devil's Advocate: Connoisseur's guide to famous rubies. JewelSiam, Vol. 6, No. 3, June-July, pp. 44–51.
Hughes, R.W. (1995) A brief history of heat. Australian Gemmologist, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 52–54.
Galibert, O. and Hughes, R.W. (1995) Chinese ruby and sapphire: A brief history. Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 24, No. 7, July, pp. 467–473.
Hughes, R.W. (1994) The rubies and spinels of Afghanistan: A brief history. Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 24, No. 4, October, pp. 256–267.
Hughes, R.W. (1994) The name game. Australian Gemologist, Vol. 18, No. 10, May, pp. 311–315.
Hughes, R.W. (1993) I beg to differ… A reply to the question of UN sanctions against Cambodia and Thailand's past role in Southeast Asia. Thailand Jewellery Review, Vol. 6, No. 3, March, pp. 199–202.
Hughes, R.W. (1993) Bottling up the treatment genie. Thailand Jewellery Review, Vol. 6, No. 3, March, pp. 130–132.
Hughes, R.W. (1992) Vietnam's ruby quandary. Thailand Jewellery Review, Vol. 5, No. 11, pp. 22–25.
Hughes, R.W. (1992) Vietnam's Quy Chau ruby mines. JewelSiam, Vol. 3, No. 4, July/August, pp. 56–62.
Hughes, R.W. (1992) Mining Thai, Lao & Cambodian rubies and sapphires. JewelSiam, Directory, 1992, pp. 125–133.
Hughes, R.W. (1992) End of the great ruby famine. Thailand Jewellery Review, Vol. 5, No. 12, pp. 24–27.
Hughes, R.W. (1992) The embargo still looms. Thailand Jewellery Review, Vol. 5, No. 12, pp. 28–29.
Hughes, R.W. (1992) Devil's Advocate: Vampire blues: deep-diffusion treated sapphires. JewelSiam, No. 3, May-June, pp. 83–86.
Hughes, R.W. (1992) Assembled synthetic ruby. ICA Laboratory Alert, No. 64, 2 pp.
Hughes, R.W. (1991) There's a rumble in the jungle – The sapphire face-lift face-off saga. Gemological Digest, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 17–31.
Hughes, R.W. (1991) Thailand taking the heat. JewelSiam, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 42–48.
Hughes, R.W. (1991) The naked eye: A diamond's worst friend. JewelSiam, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 72–75.
Hughes, R.W. and Sersen, W.J. (1991) Vietnamese rubies rock the market. JewelSiam, Vol. 2, No. 2, p. 89.
Hughes, R.W. and Sersen, W.J. (1991) Bangkok gem market review: Vietnamese ruby. Gemological Digest, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 68–70.
Hughes, R.W. (1991) I had a dream. JewelSiam, Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 99.
Hughes, R.W. (1991) Corundum identification in a nutshell. Gemological Digest, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 29–31.
Hughes, R.W. (1990) Thailand's jewelry industry – A "black paper" on the state of the trade. JewelSiam, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 102–104.
Hughes, R.W. and Sersen, W.J. (1990) Bangkok gem market review – ICA in Colombo: the good, the bad and the ugly. Gemological Digest, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 69–72.
Hughes, R.W. (1990) A question of origin. Gemological Digest, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 16–32.
Hughes, R.W. (1989, 1990) Talkin' 'bout gem-testing instruments. The Australian Gemmologist, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 159–164; No. 5, pp. 242–246.
Hughes, R.W. (1989) The inclusions of Turkana sapphires. Gemological Digest, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 35–36.
Hughes, R.W. (1989) Diamond grading: Does it work? Gemmology Canada, No. 22, September.
Hughes, R.W. and Sersen, W.J. (1990) Bangkok gem market review – ICA in Colombo: the good, the bad and the ugly. Gemological Digest, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 69–72.
Hughes, R.W. (1989) Confessions of a stonist. Gemological Digest, Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 37.
Hughes, R.W. (1988) Surface repaired corundum – two unusual variations. Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 8–10.
Hughes, R.W. and Sersen, W.J. (1988) Bangkok Gem Market Review: The Kanchanaburi sapphire secret. Gemological Digest, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 37–39.
Hughes, R.W. and Sersen, W.J. (1988) Bangkok gem market review. Gemological Digest, Vol. 2, Nos. 1 & 2, pp. 20–22.
Hughes, R.W. (1988) Reappearance of surface-diffusion treated sapphires in Bangkok. ICA Lab Alert, No. 12, 2 pp.
Hughes, R.W. (1988) Pleochroism and colored stone grading. Gemological Digest, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 16–24.
Hughes, R.W. (1988) Mogok then and now. Gemological Digest, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 40–41.
Hughes, R.W. (1988) Identifying yellow sapphires – two important techniques. Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 23–25.
Hughes, R.W. (1988) Diamond grading: Does it work? Personal Property Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 16–20.
Hughes, R.W. (1988) Colored stone grading – to be or not to be. Gemological Digest, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 11–15.
Hughes, R.W. (1988) Brilliance, windows and extinction in gemstones. Gemological Digest, Vol. 2, Nos. 1 & 2, pp. 10–15.
Hughes, R.W. (1987) The world's largest – bonanza or banana? Gemological Digest, Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 4.
Hughes, R.W. (1987) Unusual composite ruby. ICA Lab Alert, No. 2, 1 p.
Hughes, R.W. (1987) Technique for detection of heat treatment in Sri Lankan yellow and orange sapphires. ICA Lab Alert, No. 1.
Hughes, R.W. (1987) Ruby or pink sapphire? A lesson from the past. Gemological Digest, Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 3.
Hughes, R.W. (1987) Plastic coating of gemstones. ICA Lab Alert, No. 3, 1 p.
Hughes, R.W. (1987) The plastic coating of gemstones. Transactions of the XXI International Gemmological Conference – Brazil 1987, MacGregor, I., ed., In International Gemmological Conference, Brazil, pp. 31–33.
Hughes, R.W. (1987) The plastic coating of gemstones. The Australian Gemmologist, Vol. 16, No. 7, pp. 259–261.
Hughes, R.W. (1987) Identifying yellow sapphires – two important techniques. Transactions of the XXI International Gemmological Conference, MacGregor, I., ed., In International Gemmological Conference, Brazil, pp. 35–36.
Hughes, R.W. (1987) Identifying heat-treated Sri Lankan yellow sapphires. ICA Lab Alert, No. 1, 2 pp.
Hughes, R.W. (1987) Glass infilling of cracks in ruby. ICA Lab Alert, No. 4, 1 p.
Hughes, R.W. (1987) Gem treatments: to disclose or not to disclose. Gemological Digest, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1–2.
Hughes, R.W. (1987) Diamond grading: Does it work? Gemological Digest, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 1–3.
Hughes, R.W. (1987) Detection of color banding/growth zoning in natural and synthetic yellow/orange sapphires. ICA Lab Alert, No. 5, 1 pp.
Hughes, R.W. (1987) Are you an expert on gem treatments? National Jeweler, Vol. 31, No. 20, pp. 50–52.
Hughes, R.W. (1984) Surface repaired rubies – a new gem treatment. Jewellery News Asia.
Hughes, R.W. (1984) Surface repaired rubies. The Australian Gemmologist, Vol. 15, No. 8, pp. 279–280.
Hughes, R.W. (1984) AIGS Gem Lab report: Surface repaired rubies – a new gem treatment. The Canadian Gemmologist, Vol. 5, No. 3, p. 85.

Droppings

Byron, J. (1998) Colourful language [interview with Richard W. Hughes]. Australian Jeweller, May, p. 10.
Allison, T. (1991) The stars of Siam. Asia Magazine, No. F-18, June 21–23, pp. 6–11.
Ward, F. (1991) Rubies and sapphires. National Geographic, No. 4, Oct, pp. 100–125.
Kremkow, C. (1984) Thai fraud – fact or fiction? An interview with AIGS Lab director Richard Hughes. The Goldsmith, Oct, p. 42.

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